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Until January 1, 2007, all ISBNs were allocated as 9-digit numbers followed by a [[modular arithmetic|modulo]] 11 [[checksum]] character that was either a decimal digit or the letter X. A Bookland EAN was generated by concatenating the Bookland UCC 978, the 9 digits of the book's ISBN other than its checksum, and the EAN checksum digit.<ref>[http://isbn-information.com/13-digit-isbn.html Anatomy of a 13-digit ISBN]</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=d5Z5I3gnFh0C&pg=PA265 |title=Elementary number theory with applications |author=Thomas Koshy}}</ref>
Since parts of the 10-character ISBN space are nearly full, all books published from 2007 on have been allocated a 13-digit [[ISBN]], which is identical to the Bookland EAN. The UCC 979 has now been assigned for the expansion of Bookland,<ref>{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KjveruEBBfoC&pg=PT41 |title=Book Marketing Demystified |author=Bruce Trelawny Batchelor}}</ref> and was first used by publishers in the French language, which can use now the additional prefix "979-10-" in addition to the nearly full "978-2-" prefix (onto which legacy ISBN
The UCC codes 978 and 979 are now officially registered for allocation by the [[International ISBN Agency]], which maintains the official international registry of ISBN numbers allocated to books publishers.
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